Social Networks and the Arab Spring

â€Å"An Examination of the Role of Online Social Networks in the Uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt in 2010-11† In the academic research and journalism about the Arab Spring, there are contrasting views surrounding the importance of the Internet and online social networks in the success of the uprisings. Did the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt give validity to Egyptian Google executive Wael Ghonim’s claim that â€Å"if you want to liberate a society, just give them Internet† (Ghonim CNN), or was the function of online social networks greatly exaggerated by international media to highlight Western ideals of democracy?This research paper will closely analyze the extent to which these online social networks such as Facebook, Twitter, mobile phone networks, and YouTube were used as tools for the organization and mobilization of civil disobedience in Tunisia and Egypt in 2010-11. It will examine the role and impact of online social networks and will assess whether they we re merely extensions of offline communities or if they played an integral and mandatory role in these uprisings.Though this paper will investigate the range of opinion on the impact of digital media in the Arab Spring, it will argue that online social networks played an integral role for Tunisian and Egyptian citizens in their rapid and successful uprisings. Online social networks blur geographical boundaries, which create opportunities for widespread communication, effective organization, mobilization of citizens, and the sharing of videos locally and internationally.Before the proliferation of digital media in the Middle East, these opportunities were not available to citizens and communication was limited to individual communities or offline networks. The combination and collaboration of already established offline networks, various digital technologies, and online social networks lead to the success of the civilians in overthrowing their governments.Despite the years of civil di scontent and corruption in both the Ben Ali and Hosni Mubarak governments, revolution did not occur until digital media provided the opportunity for different communities and individuals to unite around their shared upsets and create mobilization strategies online. In Tunisia and Egypt, â€Å"social media have become the scaffolding upon which civil society can build, and new information technologies give activists things that they did not have before: information networks not easily controlled by the state and coordination tools that are already embedded in trusted networks of family and friends† (Howard 2011).It will be shown that although online social networks act as an extension of the offline public sphere, their role in these uprisings was integral in creating an organizational infrastructure and to generate international awareness and aid against the corrupt governments. Discontent had been brewing in Tunisia for years during President Zine El Ben Ali’s rule. I n 2009 he was reelected for a fifth term with an overwhelmingly fraudulent 89% of voters (Chrisafis, 2011).Despite years of suffering from an oppressive regime, rising unemployment rates, and censorship, it was not until the self-immolation of a vendor, Mohamed Bouazizi, was documented and transmitted online that the revolution gained the awareness and support it needed to make a difference. There had been previous acts of protest, but â€Å"what made a difference this time is that the images of Bouazizi were put on Facebook† (Beaumont, 2011).A relative of Bouazizi, Rochdi Horchani, went so far as to state, â€Å"we could protest for years here, but without videos no one would take any notice of us† (Chrisafis, 2011). The revolutions in Tunisia inspired Egyptian activists to use similar tactics to evoke change in their own corrupt government. Muhammad Hosni El Sayed Mubarak ruled over Egypt from 1981 to 2011, when he was overthrown by the organized and effective protes ts of Egyptian citizens.Although social media and digital technologies had little to do with the underlying sociopolitical and socioeconomic factors behind the civil discontent, they played a rapid role in the disintegration of these two regimes. In addition, even though corruption had been occuring for many years in the governments, â€Å"all inciting incidents of the Arab Spring were digitally mediated in some way† (Hussain, 2012) whether it was documented and disseminated online or discussed on an online social network.The corruption and discontent of the citizens may have inevitably lead to protests in both countries, but â€Å"social media was crucial† (Khondker, 2011) due to it’s communication and organizational abilities. The cruciality of online social networks and digital technologies is contested by theorists who argue that â€Å"other sociological factors such as widespread poverty and governmental ineptitude had created the conditions for extensive public anger† (Hussain, 2011) and that these preexisting conditions caused the revolutions.Several pundits including Gladwell and Friedman argue, â€Å"that while Facebook and Twitter may have had their place in social change, the real revolutions take place in the street† (Hussain, 2011). Though these theorists are correct in their attribution to the already existing political discontent for the preconditions to the revolution, online social networks acted as a necessary extension of offline social networks and action. It is likely the successes of the protests in the streets would not have been as large without the communication potential of digital media.One pundit attributed the lack of violence in the revolutions to the digital media stating that the use of online social networks â€Å"may have less to do with fostering Western-style democracy than in encouraging relatively less violent forms of mass protest† (Stepanova, 2011). Now that citizens had other ve ssels to communicate internationally and were no longer censored and controlled by their state regulated media, the governments could not be so open about their brutality.Pundits such as Gladwell and Friedman overlook the fact that â€Å"digital media allowed local citizens access to international broadcast networks, networks which were then used by online civil society organizations to lobby advocacy campaigns† (Hussain, 2012). It was these social networks that aided Tunisian and Egyptian citizens with their success in the streets. The Arab Spring has also been attributed the nickname of â€Å"The Twitter Revolution† (Stepanova, 2011) due to the large role Twitter and Facebook played in the uprisings.This nickname gives light to another contrasting perspective about the importance of online social networks being highlighted by international media to emphasize the role of Western ideals of democracy. Due to the fact that digital technologies and online social networks proliferated the West before the Middle East, the U. S claims credit for the democratizing effects they had on the Middle East during the Arab Spring (Stepanova, 2011). By emphasizing the power of new technologies in spreadingWestern democratic values, this approach ignores the socioeconomic and social equality dimensions of the massive protests in the Arab world. Ekaterina Stepanova states that â€Å"the automatic connection [The United States] makes between social media and a Western-style democracy agenda† (Stepanova, 2011) is a weak link in U. S policy. Social media tools with identical functions can operate differently in developed versus developing countries.It was not just the Western media which stressed the role of online social networks in the Arab Spring, but also local media and the civilians themselves. The role of Twitter and Facebook may have been emphasized in Western media due to their nationalistic attitude, but this should not downplay the actual importance that these technologies held in the uprising. During the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, social networks were the key factor in the communication, mobilization, and organization of civilians.Civilians used their mobile phones or computers to access online social networks where they could discuss and plan tactics for the revolution, and disseminate messages and photos of what was occurring. During the anti-Mubarak protests, an Egyptian activist put it succinctly in a tweet: â€Å"we use Facebook to schedule the protests, Twitter to coordinate, and YouTube to tell the world† (Hussain, 2012). In the ‘Jasmine Revolution’, the role of mobile phones was integral in both sharing and receiving information. The phone acted as a tool which aided in the extension of offline networks into online.Now, civilians did not need to be face to face to communicate messages of discontent or plans for rebellion as they had mobile networks. The ability to message many people at one ti me of access their Facebook or Twitter from their phone was invaluable to the rebels. Reporters without Borders stated that â€Å"the role of cell phones also proved crucial [in Tunisia]. Citizen journalists kept file-sharing websites supplied with photos and videos, and fed images to streaming websites† (Reporters without Borders, 2011).It was not just the vast communication abilities that aided citizens in the revolt, but by putting cameras in the hands of a plethora of Tunisians they became citizen journalists with the ability to show what was happening to them to the world. The ability for citizens to take part in news is very valuable as this was a time where all media broadcast institutions were state run. The great difference between what was being reported about through the citizens versus the state allowed those uprisings to share their side of the story.Government censorship was a huge problem in both Tunisia and Egypt, but censorship â€Å"made the new media more relevant† (Khondker, 2011). Social media was very useful for the citizens as it â€Å"brought the narrative of successful social protest across multiple, previously closed, media regimes† (Hussain, 2012). It was due to the mobile phone and heavy proliferation of online social networks that citizens could show proof of the injustices that were occurring through photo and video documentation on an international scale.In addition, communicating online was very effective for civilians since they could plan out offline protests with a mass audience. As stated, the internet blurs geographical boundaries, which allows revolutionary leaders and advocates to find each other and communicate online. Social networks such as Facebook and Twitter provided citizens with a platform to discuss plans of action and reach mass audiences. The ability to reach so many people online was essential since â€Å"information and communication networks can serve as powerful accelerators of social transformation† (Stepanova, 2011).Facebook groups such as â€Å"We Are All Khaled Said† enlisted 350,000 members before the 14th of January (Khondker, 2011). This group provided the members with an incomparable medium of communication to anything offline social networks could provide. In addition, other than attempted media blackouts by the governments, communication was rather unlimited online. Activists posted relatively freely, which indicated that â€Å"new information technology has clearly the transformative potential to open up spaces of freedom† (Khondker, 2011).The idea of online spaces as democratic and free draw upon Jurgen Habermas‘ concept of the public sphere. There are integral benefits of the internet in relation to Habermas’ public sphere, such as the vast library of easily accessible information, a new platform for critical political discussion, the blurring of spacial boundaries, and the embracing of new technology. In the Arab Spr ing, the usage of the internet empowered Habermas’ concept of deliberative democracy, which highlights â€Å"the role of open discussion, the importance of citizen participation, and the existence of a well-functioning public sphere† (Gimmler, 23).Habermas holds that deliberative democracy is based â€Å"on a foundation that enables the legitimacy of the constitutional state and civil society to be justified† (Gimmler, 23). He separates the â€Å"constitutional democratic state and its parliamentary and legal institutions, on one side, and the public sphere of civil society and its more direct communication and discursive foundations, on the other† (Gimmler 24). The opposition between the corrupt governments and civilians was represented on online social networks.Civilians used social networks as spaces of deliberative democracy, which acted as an online public sphere. Henry Brady states that â€Å"meaningful democratic participation requires that the vo ices of citizens in politics be clear, loud, and equal† (Hindeman, 6), online social networks give power to those voices that are silenced by state regulations. The fact that â€Å"information technologies have opened up new paths to democratization and the entrenchment of civil society in many Arab countries† (Hussain, 2012) attests to their function as a public sphere.Though there were effective offline social networks such as the Church, family, and friends, â€Å"the networks of people who did mobilize, did so with the direct application, initiation, and coordination, of digital media tools† (Hussain, 2012). Online social networks acted as extensions of offline networks that were already present, but also provided the opportunity to reach a much larger amount of people. The plans and decisions made on the online networks made the offline protests so successful. Virtual networks materialized before street protest networks† (Hussain, 2012), which shows th e importance of online social networks. In the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt, there was no single social network that was completely responsible for the success of the revolution. Instead, it was the combination of mobile phones, the internet, and traditional broadcast media which aided citizens in forming powerful networks which strengthened their cause. Castells defines a network society as â€Å"a society whose social structure is made of networks powered by microelectronics-based information and communication technologies.By social structure, [he] understands the organizational arrangements of humans in relations of experience and power expressed in meaningful communication coded by culture† (Castells, 2004). This definition accurately describes the atmosphere in both Tunisia and Egypt during their revolutions due to the reliance on online social networks. In both Tunisia and Egypt, there was a manifestation of technology which aided citizens in communicating. Social net working sites, instantaneous internet, and always-available mobile phones created a powerful network which allowed citizens to always be connected to each other.Some degree of formal organizational and informal networks is necessary for revolution in order to communicate and plan. Egyptians utilized heavy social media connectivity through the use of the mobile device via texting of internet through their phone rather than personal computer. One Egyptian citizen tweeted on January 26th, 2011 â€Å"You who have Twitter and Facebook working on your phone, use them to spread words of hope. We won’t let this end here #jan25 was just the start† (Boyd, 2011).Citizens were encouraging each other to avoid traditional forms of communications via the internet to avoid government censorship and interference. Castells stated that â€Å"thus was born a new system of mass communication built like a mix between an interactive television, internet, radio and mobile communication syste ms. The communication of the future is already used by the revolutions of the present† (Castells, 2011, emphasis on the original) when describing the use of technologies in the Arab Spring. The issue of censorship posed a large barricade on the protesters due to their reliance on social networks and the internet.The Ben Ali regime realized the importance of Facebook in early January 2011 and stepped up their censorship with attempts to curb the heavy distribution of photos of protests and repression. There was increasing interest from the foreign media due to the power of ICT’s in spreading the story worldwide, which also influenced the state to up online censorship. The head of the Agencie Tunisienne d’Internet (ATI) said â€Å"the number of websites blocked by the authorities doubled in just a few weeks. More than 100 Facebook pages about the Sidi Bouzid events were blocked, along with online articles about the unrest in foreign media†¦ olice also hacked into Facebook accounts to steal activists passwords and infiltrate networks of citizen-journalists† (Reporters Without Borders, 2011) . It was the power of networks which allowed the citizens to overcome the censorship of the government. Due to the many options of communications devices, when one was blocked citizens would resort to another. In addition, citizens found ways around the internet blockage and activist hacker groups rebutted with hacks on government websites and found technical ways to pass on news and demands from inside Tunisia.The positive role of technology within the uprisings in Tunisia and Egypt cannot be disputed. Although, such heavy use of technology caused the corrupt governments to attempt to intervene, the positives far outweigh the negatives. Information and communications technologies allowed oppressed citizens to rise above the government through the power of mobility, networks, and information. The portability of the cell phones partnered with the creation of networks through the multiple technologies utilized allowed the voice of the citizens to be heard worldwide.The positive effect these technologies had in empowering the both the Tunisians and the Egyptians is clear in the mere rapidity that they overthrew their corrupt governments once they started revolting. In addition, it is clear that these ICT’s had a large effect since the government responded so harshly towards them, clearly feeling threatened. Overall, it is evident that ICT’s played a large role in the effective and swift revolutions which started the domino effect of the Arab Spring. *Copy Right- Nobody has permission to use my work in their own academic research*

Deadly Unna Essay Essay

In Australia there is much controversy surrounding racism between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. Phillip Gwynne’s novel Deadly Unna is an example of the relationships between the two cultures. Deadly Unna is based on a 14-year-old character named Blacky who lives in ‘the Port’ where the Non-Indigenous Australians or the ‘goongas’ live. On the outskirts of the township there is ‘the Point’ and this is where the Indigenous Australians or ‘nungas’ live. Blacky is an archetypal teenager, he plays football, and experiences the same anxiety in relation to girls and growing up. The theme of racism is of great importance throughout the novel so to the necessity for reconciliation and the hope that this brings. Gwynne cleverly incorporates dialogue and imagery to reveal these themes. The relationship between Blacky and Dumby shows the responder that they do not conform to the standard of racism. Dumby Red is a footy star from the Point, to Blacky he is the perfect guy â€Å"This Dumby Red was trendy, he was talented, he was up himself, he wore Jezza’s number 25, and he had that smile.† – Blacky. Blacky was not always friends with Dumby, earlier in the novel he ranted on about how he hated his guts because he is a Non-Indigenous Australian. But later on Dumby stood up for Blacky in a fight; this changed his view of Indigenous Australians. The use of football as a reoccurring metaphor connects the two characters. â€Å"The footy was the only place for us and the nungas to be together†. This quote shows how the relationship between Dumby and Blacky can exist through a social barrier of racism. Gwynne uses descriptive language when Blacky is attending Dumbys’ funeral to demonstrate to the responder that Blacky lacks understanding of Indigenous Australians and racism in the town. â€Å"Most of the houses were fibro, there were some brick ones as well. I thought that’s not right, they all had doors and windows. I had been told that the first thing nungas do is break all their windows and smash all their doors down.† – Blacky. Through this relationship between Blacky and Dumby, Gwynne has shown that Blacky has a strong relationship with Dumby, he doesn’t care that he is judged because he simply wants to respect an Indigenous Australian. Gwynne has used the relationship between Blacky and Pickles to show the racist side of the town. The use of Pickles arrogance towards the feelings of the Indigenous Australian community shows that the Indigenous Australians are misunderstood and judged unfairly. â€Å"Why did you go to a boongs funeral Blacky?† – Pickles. Through this technique the responder can see that not only Pickles but also the port are racist towards Indigenous Australians. When Mark Arks received the B.O.G award Blacky was infuriated because he thought that Dumby was deserving of the trophy and not mark arks, he believed that Dumby did not receive it because of him being from Indigenous Australian background. â€Å"Mark arks getting the B.O.G, that’s bull****, that was Dumbys’ award!† – Blacky. Through the dialogue that Pickles uses towards the Blacky and the Indigenous people it shows how commonly racism is used in the town and that it is of the norm to be racist. Gwynne also shows the relationship between Blacky and Dumby is contrasting to the one between Blacky and Pickles and that the relationship between pickles been forced over the years and now Blacky is starting to realise Pickles’ true traits. Through the use of a variety of language and techniques Gwynne has revealed themes of racism in the novel. It is through the presentation of different relationships that Gwynne included two sides of racism in the Indigenous culture. The presentation of the relationships between Blacky and Dumby show that racism in the Port doesn’t effect Blacky, he cared about Dumby even though he was an Indigenous Australian. On the other hand the relationship with Pickles and Blacky is much different, Pickles is racist and doesn’t want to have Blacky being friends with an Indigenous Australia therefore Blacky feels he has to hide his friendship with Dumby. Elements that such as descriptive language and dialogues, metaphorical scenarios and different perspectives, combine to make Deadly Unna an entertaining novel for the responder.

Middle Eastern Female Contemporary Artists Essay

Middle Eastern Female Contemporary Artists - Essay Example The essay "Middle Eastern Female Contemporary Artists" explores the Female Contemporary Artists of Middle East. Elements of the theater arts are evident in marriage ceremonials, funeral practices and performances of traditional music. Arab artists draw inspiration from the vestiges of the region's ancient cultures, combining older iconography with new insights to create fresh artistic expressions. This fusion of elements is evident in the works of several artists who have been influenced by the ancient symbols of Mesopotamia and the rich imagery of Coptic art. Sawsan Amer's works on glass, for instance, combine traditional iconography with personal imagery, mixing the direct frontality of Coptic icons with representations of birds, both real and imagined. Another artist who joins ancient and contemporary references is Liliane Karnouk from Egypt. "My paintings are in search of a definite cultural union," says the artists. "I belong to a generation trapped between Western and Oriental values." She expresses her search for union by combining tree bark from Canada and the papyrus paper from Egypt in installations such as Black and Green, 1992. This work expresses her helpless outrage at the senseless violence of the Gulf War. The black paperworks represent an initial outlet for her mourning for the human and environmental victims of the conflict. The large spatial canvases were conceived as a visual requiem. The tree bark and green seedlings emerge as a source of renewal. The art of Effat Nagui, a 92-year.... The black paperworks represent an initial outlet for her mourning for the human and environmental victims of the conflict. The large spatial canvases were conceived as a visual requiem. The tree bark and green seedlings emerge as a source of renewal. The art of Effat Nagui, a 92-year-old Egyptian artist "who lives in history," draws upon the ancient cultures of northern Africa. One of the pioneers of modern art in Egypt, Nagui was the first woman artist to have a work acquired by the Museum of Modern Art in Cairo, in 1928. Her mixed media works like Icon of the Nile. 1991 (Amirsadeghi, Mikdadi & Shabout, 2009, 167-185) unite concentric circles and the venerable outline of the mummy with remnants of Coptic parchment and crocodile skins to create contemporary images that utilize the magic of antiquity. As Nagui says: "Sometimes the artist needs to use materials and forms from ancient folk art so that he may touch the invisible bases which erected original art. Art is the result of assimilated and inherited culture." (Madkour, 2006, 19-21) Nagui's wooden sculptured surfaces, influenced by Nubian architecture, testify to the dynamic and symbolic roles of art forms. These and other contemporary Arab artists draw inspiration from the past. The Arab East has seen a succession of major civilizations, each creating its own art forms. This is precisely what civilizations are about--creative, centripetal power which fuses old elements with new ideas, giving birth to original and specific new expression. (McEvilley, 2007, 19-21) The Art of Politics The Arab East has been a battleground in the 19th and 20th centuries. War has been a critical feature of recent history in the region, and wars, per se, create turmoil in a society, accelerating the normal

Societal marketing concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Societal marketing concept - Essay Example This might also help in enhancement of the total sale and profitability of the organization in the entire market as compared to others. Hence, it might be depicted from the above mentioned points that customers act as the focal point of any organization operating in any segment. Thus, the motive of achieving organizational goals and profits might be attained mainly through customer satisfaction and loyalty as compared to other aspects. Characteristics of marketing concept According to Kotler & Armstrong (2010) the concept of marketing is changing rapidly in this age of globalization and industrialization. In this age, marketing concept is entirely dependent over customer values and satisfaction that might be witnessed in four different stages such as production concept, product concept, selling concept and societal marketing concept. Production concept According to the strategies of previous era, the demand of the product is entirely dependent over its features and price. This means that, if the underlining features of the product are praiseworthy or satisfactory then it would surely be liked by the customers of varied age groups and income groups. However, in today’s age, the concept of production has entirely changed. Now, the demand of any specific product might be retained in the market only by presenting the desired features within it. So that, the target customers of the product might get satisfied entirely thereby amplifying the efficiency and productivity of the organization to a certain extent (Kotler & Armstrong, 2010). Along with this, good customer service is also another important aspect that might act as a backbone in enhancing the reliability and loyalty of the product among other substitutes. For example: the management of Macdonald’s always tries to present varied types of nutrients such as cheese, chilies, nuts and many others so as to satisfy the changing demands of the customers. As well as the management also desires to presen t warm greetings to its customers so as to retain them for longer period of time. Only then, the popularity and demand of the products and the organization might remain dominant in the market among other and the rate of switch over costs of the customers towards other brands (Burger King) might be reduced significantly in this aggressive market among others. Thus it might be stated that relationship marketing and customer oriented products acts as the prime essence of today’s publicity concept. Product Concept In order to retain sustainability and competitive advantage, most of the organizations in this era desire to present value-added products at a lowest price. This strategy acts as a stimulating factor thereby enhancing the demand of the products of the organization such as HP as compared to others. Along with this, such a competitive strategy might also prove effective in satisfying the demands and needs of the customers thereby amplifying their level of loyalty (Tiddy & Bessant, 2010). Apart from this, the organization of HP also desires to implement the strategy of presenting qualitative products so as to retain its dominance and fame in the segment of electronics among many other existing rivals (Porter, 1986). Selling Concept In this age of stiff economy and tough competition, the insurance organizations such ICICI Prudential, Kotak Mahindra are striving hard to create a strong foothold in this market. However, this might be possible only by enhancing the rate of satisfaction

Five Forces of Competition Model Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Five Forces of Competition Model - Case Study Example The second force considers the threat created by new market entrants. The railroad business requires huge capital in starting a business operation. Moreover, potential new players lack access to land that is essential for the development of rail networks. The advancement of other transportation systems also hinder the widespread investment in this industry. For current players, the market remains stable as the rate of receiving new entrants is low. The bargaining powers of buyers stands as the third force (Hill & Jones, 46). In the railroad industry, buyers possess little bargaining power. The charges incurred in transportation are a dictate of legal laws regulating prices. Therefore, buyers lack power in price control. Moreover, the importance of goods transported through rail such as agricultural products limits the bargaining power of the buyers. The fourth force suggested by Porter considers the power of suppliers. In the case of railroad transport, suppliers hold a significant power. Union Pacific Corporation notes that the companies in the trade over-rely on specific suppliers for locomotive parts. Consequently, the withdrawal of one of the suppliers serves as a major challenge for these players. Suppliers in this industry control major processes of operation. The fifth force evaluates the threat of substitutes. The transportation industry offers substitutes in the shipping and air freight industries. Shipping costs sign ificantly cheaper while air transport remains faster. However, railroads remain significant due to their large operations on the land. Their major substitutes primarily operate in the air and water. Based on this analysis, the railroad industry stands out as unattractive. Challenges of competition create substantial problems. Moreover, the high cost of operation and the power of suppliers makes the industry unstable and unsustainable by new

Dante and The Inferno Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dante and The Inferno - Essay Example hat have the most masterful and creative way in attributing symbolic retribution for the sins are found in the second which is the sin of lust, seventh is the sin of violence and the ninth and last circle which is the sin of treachery. Dante and his friend Virgil found in the second circle people who were __ with lust when they were still alive. To their surprise, they found famous people in history who is wallowing in the second circle of hell. The famous people from history whom they found in the second layer of hell were the adulterers during their lifetime such as Helen of Troy and Cleopatra. They suffered together with the other people in the circle with a strong wind that refuses to abate giving them eternal trouble and without rest. This strong wind is symbolic of the restless sin of lust that made them commit sin during their lifetime and now haunts them as a retribution in afterlife When Dante reached the seventh circle, he found that this pit was filled with people who were violent when they were style alive. Again, he found mythological figures in history in the seventh circle of hell. There he found Dionysius I of Syracuse, Centaurus and others. This circle of hell however differed from the earlier circles because this hell has three sections – outer ring for the killers, middle ring for the suicidal and the inner right for the blasphemers. The retribution to those who are in the outer right is being dipped for all eternity in the river of boiling blood and fire. The retribution for the suicidal are being turned into food to harpies. Those who are in the inner rings are subjected to burning rain while being in a desert. As expected, Dante’s vortex of hell has the most colorful retribution. There he found Judas who betrayed Jesus with a kiss and other biblical figures such as Cain who murdered his son Abel. Again this is divided into Caina, Antenora, Tolomea and Giudecca where the retributions were being immersed in ice as they look

Money is the Root of Divorce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Money is the Root of Divorce - Essay Example Rampal even utilizes graphic imagery to illustrate how money disputes occurring regularly in the marriage are almost completely congruent to the frequency of divorce. When partners in a marriage turn toward money to justify their identities, it illustrates that money has significant psychological influence, making concepts such as love, devotion, and mutual gain become superseded by thoughts about money as an imperative. Because of this, money creates evil within marriage and serves as the primary motive for seeking marriage dissolution. Money is often referred to as being a source of power in society. Scientific researchers have identified in numerous studies that individuals who believe they have power are more assertive, self-assured, and respond on impulse (Anderson & Berdahl, 2002; Lammers, Stokel & Stapel, 2010). When one partner in a marriage has a better career or has managed to procure more money than their spouse, they begin developing egocentric behaviors and are less willing to work out minor conflicts. Why is this? Because when one partner is financially stable, they begin to believe that they can simply exit the marriage when minor dissatisfaction arises and not have to be concerned about their well-being. Therefore, only one partner in the marriage tries to work out conflict while the other acts aggressively or tries to avoid reaching conflict resolution. Whether money is actually a power source is not important. What is important is recognizing that money has the ability to change psychological programming and personal value systems, creating a person who performs evil against the spouse with less financial resources. There are some in society, however, that would argue that money does not create evil, arguing that a person would have to be inherently evil in order to demand marriage dissolution.  

European business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

European business - Essay Example The advantages that the member states have are worth an elaborate description and this would be followed shortly. First however lets first mention the euro and the European Monetary Union. The Euro, which is a common currency shared among 16 out of the current 27 member states has had a significant impact onto the union body. Around five countries also generally accept the currency even if they do not recognize it officially. Naturally as European Union constitutes some of the most major countries of the world, their medium of exchange has a significant impact onto the exchange market. It is arguably, the second most traded and important currency of the world after the U.S. Dollar. Although accepted by all the euro accepting countries, the European Monetary Union constitutes of 12 countries out of the 27. They share policies and affects. The member states act as a unified economic body and their macro and micro implications and choices are termed and analyzed as one. The first and foremost advantage of the same currency policy is indeed the reduction in transaction costs. To do business, even with the neighboring countries, one has add on additional amounts to the host country so that one’s currency is received there. It was estimated that to do business, the member countries used to spend around 1.5 billion pounds every year to buy and sell foreign currencies so that the visiting people could have money at their disposal. This however was more problematic for the members were naturally inclined to trade with their neighboring countries so as to cut on the transportation costs. However, the cost of transaction eventually reduced the amounts of revenue generation and profits and left them less motives and inclinations to trade. The same currency policy however, by the introduction of the Euro, gave the members the liberty to practically go along the border and do business with the same money that was in his/her pocket

Compare and Contrast their attitudes towards motherhood, proposing why Essay

Compare and Contrast their attitudes towards motherhood, proposing why the differences and similarities exist - Essay Example She is shown as having love for her children but her abortions are quite ironic. The poem talks about a mother who is no mother (Grimes 2007). The attitude towards motherhood and children is quite loving but the act of abortion indicates that the mother never wants her children. She considers it a crime that indicates that she is fully aware of her act of abortion. From Atwood’s narration, it appears that both the women are one and have the same body (Tyler 1982). Jeannie is the protagonist of the short story and she is the would-be mother. The attitude towards motherhood is not given as it is something pleasant and wanted but something that has been imposed on the woman. The mother is shown as suffering. It is shown that mothers have a painful duty to perform in child birth and that’s all. The mother of â€Å"The Mother† never gives birth to a child but loves her children in her fantasy while the mother in â€Å"Giving Birth† gives birth to a child but shows a little concern towards the child and considers herself in a divided personality. Tyler, Anne. The Complexities of Ordinary Life: The Dancing Girls and Other Stories by Margaret Atwood. 1982. Retrieved on 9th February 2009 from

Group Development within Apollo 13 Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Group Development within Apollo 13 - Movie Review Example Lastly and in many cases, most important, would be the stage of performance, or performing. This would be the stage at which individuals within the group would truly come together as one and be able to effectively execute that which they would wish to do so. From a cinematic standpoint, the movie to consider for this exercise would be the Ron Howard directed 'Apollo 13'. Based upon the events that occurred for the Apollo 13 crew that almost did not return home from their mission, the three primary characters are as follows: Jim Lovell, Fred Haise and Jack Swigert. With formation, the final group of men on the mission would be re-formed together, after the discovery of the potential illness of one of the original men selected for the crew. With Lovell and Haise, they would have already been through the forming process together and as such, would have grown more accustomed to one another, than they necessarily would have been with the new addition of Jack Swigert. The storming phase would be most apparent between Swigert and Hase, with Lovell serving as the intermediary.

The Theory of special relativity Essay Example for Free

The Theory of special relativity Essay Abstract: Prior to albert Einstein’s theory of special relativity there was always an idea about relativity. Through Galilean transformations, which worked perfectly with the newton’s laws of motion, people had formed a vague idea that all motion in this world is relative to something else. There came up the mysterious thing called aether — the medium through which light propagated. The belief in aether had caused a mess of things, in Einstein’s view, by introducing a medium that caused certain laws of physics to work differently depending on how the observer moved relative to the aether. In 1905, Albert Einstein published the theory of special relativity, which explains how to interpret motion between different inertial frames of reference — that is, places that are moving at constant speeds relative to each other. Einstein explained that when two objects are moving at a constant speed as the relative motion between the two objects, instead of appealing to the aether as an absolute frame of reference that defined what was going on. If you and your friend, say AA, are moving in different spaceships and want to compare your observations, all that matters is how fast you and AA are moving with respect to each other. Special relativity includes only the special case (hence the name) where the motion is uniform. The motion it explains is only if you’re traveling in a straight line at a constant speed. As soon as you accelerate or curve — or do anything that changes the nature of the motion in any way — special relativity ceases to apply. That’s where Einstein’s general theory of relativity comes in, because it can explain the general case of any sort of motion. Einstein’s theory was based on two key principles: * The principle of relativity: All objects move in a motion relative to one another. No motion except the speed of light is fixed. And the laws of physics don’t change, even for objects moving in inertial (constant speed) frames of reference. * The principle of the speed of light: The speed of light is the same for all observers, regardless of their motion relative to the light source. (Physicists write this speed using the symbol c.) Explaining theory of relativity and related concepts Classical Relativity (mechanics theory) Experiment: (Self thought and practically conducted) An everyday life situation when you are moving in a straight escalator. Standing on next to an escalator, I measured the speed of my mother, who was standing still on the straight escalator, using a Doppler’s radar. Speed measured by the radar= 3 km/h Then standing on the same escalator I measured the speed of my mother a few meters from me. Speed Measured by the radar= 0 km/h Explanation: Classical relativity states that all motion in this universe is relative to one another. Nothing is fixed. As measured by the radar the escalator and hence my stationary mother on it was moving at a speed of 3km/h. But when I measured the speed with myself on the escalator, the radar measured 0 km/h. This is because although my mother was still moving with the escalator’s speed her state of motion with respect to mine was stationary. Maxwell’s theory and the abolishment of aether theory Maxwell was a scientist who gave various laws with respect to electromagnetic radiation. He, through his equations, proposed that like all other EMRs even the speed of light could be calculated. James Clark Maxwell (1884) devised his famous equation, showing that the four basic equations of electromagnetism (one of which Maxwell invented so his equation would work, but it turned out to be correct), can be combined into a single wave equation. The speed of the wave is determined solely by a term involving known constants that appear in the original formulas. Thus, Maxwell showed that the speed of light was a constant and that its speed could be measured using electromagnetic experiments that were already in place to determine those constants. Nobody really believed that the speed was actually constant; they assumed that it was constant in some preferred reference frame, called the ether. But Michelson, together with Morley, attempting to measure the speed of the earth through the ether by measuring the speed of light in many different directions at once, found that the speed was constant in all directions. Nobody knew what to make of that in 1887. Then Lorentz gave his 3 sets of explanations to prove Maxwell’s observations. But all these three explanations were proved wrong by Einstein as he gave the theory of relativity. He believed light to be a constant at all times and abolished the idea of aether. His explanations involved the principles of Spacetime where he unified space and time to create a four-dimensional view of the universe with three dimensions of space and one dimension of time. Spacetime Einstein’s theory of special relativity created a fundamental link between space and time. The universe can be viewed as having three space dimensions — up/down, left/right, forward/backward — and one time dimension. This 4-dimensional space is referred to as the space-time continuum. If you move fast enough through space, the observations that you make about space and time differ somewhat from the observations of other people, who are moving at different speeds. According to Einstein, Space and time were a single unit and not absolute but relative. The movement in space affected the movement in time. The faster one moved through space the slower one goes through time. Thought experiment: (self-thought and data input based on other examples to explain concepts): Imagine a car moving at say a 100/s along the east direction and at zero speed toward the north direction. Then in one second it moves 100m towards east with no progress towards the north. Now say it moves north-east at the same speed. Because its speed is now diverted in two directions, it only moves 50 towards east and 50 m north. Same applies for space and time i.e. the faster you move through space the slower you pass through time. If you move at the speed of light then you make no progress in time and if you move at a speed that is greater than the speed of light, you can go back in time! Therefore, Einstein in order to measure distance between two objects chose to use a single entity called spacetime. Different observers would see different events in space in different ways. Some would see 2 events occurring at the same point in time but far apart in space, whereas other would see the same two events occur in very close to each other in space but far apart in time. Maxwell, using his 4 equations of electromagnetism proved that the speed of light was a constant. But his idea was rejected and everybody thought the speed of light was relative to a constant frame called aether. Also a concept called ether drift developed whereby light through all other media except aether would undergo a drift called ether drift opposing its speed. This was dependent on the velocity of the object. The more the velocity of the media, the less was supposed to be the speed of light through the media. Using this when Michelson, together with Morley, attempted to measure the speed of the earth through the ether by measuring the speed of light in many different directions at once, they found that the speed was constant in all directions and equal to the constant calculated by Maxwell. Now a question arose: how was this possible? The explanation to this was given by Einstein who abolished aether and said that the speed of light was a constant and through his theory of relativity demonstrated that how this was possible. To understand the fact that speed of light is a constant, we need to change our perspectives on distance and time from them being a relative quantity from a fixed quantity. This introduces to us two new concepts of time dilation and length contraction. Both time dilation and length contraction are immediate consequences of the Lorentz transformation Time Dilation Thought experiment: (taken from YouTube video on relativity) Consider this thought experiment. You and AA are in 2 different spaceships in space. Both of you are measuring trying to measure the speed of light. Your spaceship is stationary while your friend’s spaceship is moving at a constant speed, say 0.5c. To calculate time (which can be calculated by using any device that measures a certain event periodically) both of you are using 2 plates reflecting light against each other. (Look at the diagram below) Now in the (1) clock is the clock in the stationary clock i.e. the one on the stationary spaceship whereas the (2) clock is on the moving spaceship. Both clocks are identical. It is known that the speed of light is the same at all times. Therefore here in the stationary clock light moves up and down in a perpendicular distance the shortest distance. If the clock moves by 5 min every time the light touches the bottom plate then the clock would run at a certain speed and change appropriately. Now in case of the moving clock the light beam is travelling diagonally as the plates are constantly moving along with the spaceship in which they are present. Therefore the light takes a longer time to hit the bottom plate (as the speed of light is constant and light has to travel a longer path). Therefore the (2) clock runs slower than the (1) clock despite them being exactly identical. This phenomenon is known as time dilation, where the time on a ship moving very quickly appears to pass slower than on Earth. Length contraction The theory of special relativity revolutionized not just our understanding of time but our understanding of space too. I have already described the phenomenon of time dilation, whereby pairs of clocks in uniform relative motion each tick more slowly with respect to the other. A closely related effect is the phenomenon of length contraction (sometimes known as â€Å"Lorentz contraction†, â€Å"FitzGerald contraction† or even â€Å"Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction† after the physicists who predicted it on the basis of a crude forerunner of special relativity). Thought Experiment: (Taken from You tube Video But self-data input) Now in the spaceships example I have been using it can be said that if the two spaceships when at the same point i.e. when one is directly below the other and they release a beam of light and measure the speed of light after 12 seconds on the clock on the stationary ship which would be around 9 seconds on the clock aboard the moving ship if we calculate it using Lorentz’s transformations. Since the stationary ship is at rest in the space dimension therefore the rulers or any distance measuring instrument used would show that light travelled 12 light-second (the distance light travels in one second). The actual speed of light is 1light-second per second. Since the total time measured was 12 seconds. Therefore the speed would that would be calculated is 12 light second per second which is nothing but one light second per second. Since the second spaceship was moving at a speed half the speed of light it should calculate the distance of the light beam from the ship after 12 seconds on the clock aboard the stationary ship to be 6 light-second. But the actual distance measured by the rulers or any other measuring instrument onboard the moving ship will be 9 light-second. This is because of a phenomenon called length contraction. When an object moves at a very high speed i.e. a speed which is equal to or greater than 30% of c, then this length contraction can be seen up to some extent. Since the second spaceship was moving at 0.5*c, therefore the ship and all rulers or the measuring instruments used shrunk and the light beam was measured to be a distance of 9 light-second in 9 seconds, which is nothing but 1light-second per second. Conclusion As strange as it seems, this example (and many others) demonstrates that in Einstein’s theory of relativity, space and time are intimately linked together. If you apply Lorentz transformation equations, they work out so that the speed of light is perfectly consistent for both observers, i.e. one in motion at a constant speed and other stationary or at rest. This strange behavior of space and time is only evident when you’re traveling close to the speed of light, so no one had ever observed it before. Experiments carried out since Einstein’s discovery have confirmed that it’s true — time and space are perceived differently, in precisely the way Einstein described, for objects moving near the speed of light. The Consequence of Theory of Relativity: Unifying mass and energy (E=mc2) The most famous work of Einstein’s life also dates from 1905, when he applied the ideas of his relativity paper to come up with the equation E=mc2 that represents the relationship between mass (m) and energy (E). Einstein found that as an object approached the speed of light, c, the mass of the object increased. The object goes faster, but it also gets heavier. If it were actually able to move at c, the object’s mass and energy would both be infinite. A heavier object is harder to speed up, so it’s impossible to ever actually get the particle up to a speed of c. for example consider a proton accelerating towards the speed of light. As is moves closer to the speed of light its mass increases thus acting as a hindrance to the movement of the object. Until Einstein, the concepts of mass and energy were viewed as completely separate. He proved that the principles of conservation of mass and conservation of energy are part of the same larger, unified principle, and conservation of mass-energy. Matter can be turned into energy and energy can be turned into matter because a fundamental connection exists between the two types of substance. Thus if an object moves at a speed of light then it would have an infinite mass, negligible length and would make no progress in time.

Death Comparison Essay Essay Example for Free

Death Comparison Essay Essay Editors play influential roles in literature. They can easily alter the overall atmosphere of literature or change the message behind it. Different versions of the poem â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz†¦Ã¢â‚¬  by Emily Dickinson demonstrate different caesura, capitalization and word usage. The 1955 edition by Thomas H. Johnson and the original version by Emily Dickinson portray almost identical ideas and emphasis through limited alteration of caesura and word capitalization in relation to death as somewhat unimportant event. Caesura is one of the most crucial elements in classic English poetry. It can either change the pace or the atmosphere of the work. Emily Dickinson uses caesura in her poem â€Å"Dying† to demonstrate death as a slow and unspiritual event. Both the 1955 edition and the original edition share the same style of caesura from the start to the end. In the original version, Dickinson uses a vast number of hyphens between sentences. For example, the first two sentences of the poem, â€Å"I heard a Fly buzz-when/ I died-†, depicts how the author uses hyphens between every phrase to portray short breaths of a dying individual. The author uses short breathed pace of the poem to describe the narrator’s slow process of death and nonspiritual side of death. In addition, the author implies how death does not contain any kind of sudden or spiritual endings. In the 1955 edition, Johnson places caesuras in almost identical places to preserve the original work’s perception of death. As a result, the 1955 edition successfully displays images of a dying narrator and the short paced poet structure. With the same style of caesura, the 1955 edition brings out the original version’s idea about death being a slow yet nonspiritual everyday occurrence. Often poets use capitalization as a tool to emphasize specific words. Two versions of the poem â€Å"Dying† capitalize overlapping words to express equal emphasis. In the original version of the poem Emily Dickinson constantly  focuses on incoherent words such as â€Å"room† and â€Å"fly.† The author uses emphasis on the room to create an illusion of an isolated space. Dickinson utilize this illusion introduce the emptiness of death. The constant capitalization of the word â€Å"fly† causes readers’ attention to move away from the dying narrator. This ironic emphasis on the fly, transforms this serious theme called death into something that is minor and insignificant. Two versions of the poem, the 1955 edition and the original edition, have minor difference in their capitalization style; the only difference is the capitalization of the word around. In the 1955 edition, Johnson capitalizes the words â€Å"fly† and â€Å"room† throughout the poem. As a result of this capitalization Johnson successfully creates an atmosphere that is identical to the original version. Johnson also inherits Dickinson’s original intention to minimize the importance of death and to make something miniscule, a fly, as the center of attention. The 1955 edition shares an incredible amount of similarities with the original version; the style of caesura and the capitalization of specific words. The 1955 edition places hyphens in the exact same places to preserve the original version’s ideas about death being a slow natural process. In addition, both of the 1955 edition and the original version emphasize significant words such as â€Å"fly and â€Å"room† to represent the insignificance of death, rather than portraying death as a major event in human lives. Bibliography I Heard a Fly Buzz When I Died (591). By Emily Dickinson : The Poetry Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Oct. 2012. http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174972.

Design Airline System

Design Airline System The aim of the project is to design and implement a Web-based on-line Airline Reservation System. The project will be implemented using 3-tier architecture; JSP, JavaServlets, MySQL database and the Apache Tomcat server. The primary goal of this project is to allow passengers to add, edit and delete flight bookings. When the passenger visits the site for the first time, the passenger can register their details as part of the flight booking process. In addition, the passenger will be given login details when they register in case they need to make changes to their existing bookings or make new bookings in the future. The airport staff will also have login details. Passengers will be able to check-in via the self-service check-in; also airport staff can provide full-service check-in. In addition, a list can be created showing passengers with overweight luggage for business and economy class as well as a combined list of both classes. Existing Systems Research has been made into existing automated system Airline System used by Malaysia Airlines, the system is known as Kommas. KOMMAS is used by Malaysia Airlines for ticket reservation and is a DOS-based system. Based on my research the Kommas system has been used for more than 25 years and has been upgraded 4 times till date. The system is still been use for reservation and check-in for passengers. The same system is use international to do reservations; the Kommas system has a number of features including checking the departure time and day to specific place. The system has an advantage of showing flights that are offered by other carriers in Malaysia and overseas. When making reservations, the user will enter key details required to make a booking and then if the customer is happy with the available flight, the user can make a booking. After making a booking, the system checks if the seat and flight has been confirmed. The system can also indicates how many seats are left if the customer will like to make more booking. If there are no seats left a pop-up screen is displayed saying flight or seat cannot be confirm. After a receiving confirmation, the passenger can than pay for ticket and when payment is confirm can choose to print the ticket, delivered and dont like to pay immediately the user can reserve the seat for the customer for a later date. The system will give the user reference number to key-in into the system later. The customer has a deadline to collect the ticket two weeks before departure, and if the ticket is not collected and paid for before the two weeks the system will automatically cancel the reservation and make seat available for others to reserve. There is no deposit required for reservations. For customers who like to change their flights departure date or time, the system-user has to key in the customers reference number and then change the details; they can also cancel their flight if they wish. The passengers information will be stored in the system database for the next six months. After this time the system will automatically delete the passengers information. This system also allows passengers to arrange special requirements such as vegetarian food. Passengers can also choose specific seats they prefer. Reservation department does the booking; however, the ticketing department also can also access it and make reservations for passengers. Reservation and Ticketing departments are linked together and can access the same database. KOMMAS have a specific code for system users. Users that make reservations and ticketing have the highest privileges to use the system. For managing level, they can only access the system and check the report of passengers and flights reservation information. At administration level users can amend departure time and flights. System down had downtime in the past. In that case, all the ticketing reservations were done manually. The system also has a backup facility to back up the information of all flights and passenger information. This prevents the damage of database due to virus or physical damage. Hence the chances of data loss are impossible. On the other hand, this system has some problems. It cant produce reports according to the requirements. The interface is similar to DOS and hence is not very attractive with basic intelligent. This also makes the KOMMAS system not user-friendly. Users have to memorize various codes to make reservations, view reports, check on flights etc. Information about a passenger is not displayed in a easy to read way. In terms of security issues, the system lacks password protection to access the system users access the system by using an access code given to them. Why Airline Reservation System is needed? An Airline Reservation System is subjected to many benefits some of which are listed below: †¢ Increase in Sales of Tickets With Airline Reservation System it allows airline operators to track passengers purchasing preferences and with this special flight packages to existing passengers can be promoted or even lastminute deals can be made available at cheaper price. Knowing the Passengers reservations patterns can be used to determine the marketable flights which means they can provide more flights and services to fulfill the high demand. Besides, ARS is also capable in increasing passenger satisfaction and loyalty by providing good services and fast reservation. †¢ Reduce in Cost and Time Conventional paper reservation records have a lot of drawbacks: they could be incomplete, misplaced, torn, lost or worn. They also require several storage spaces as well as requiring extensive administrative time from user. With the implementation of Airline Reservation System, it can back-up which will prevent data lost and decrease in time and cost. It can increase the speed of processing, making reservation and searching. Hence, it provides passengers satisfaction. Daily or monthly sales report can be generated automatically from the data stored in the system. Time is not wasted trying to generate report manually. †¢ More Organized Information Flight ticket reservation help organize information better on a centralized database where all information can be retrieve and managed. Users can view, add and edit data as they wish without any problem. Business and Technical Option This table below set out the Business and Technical options that could be implemented to provide advance functionality for the system, this option will be assessed against the functional requirement specification that will be developed. Business Option Technical Option Customer Survey Discounted flight Multiple Booking Payment Option Ticket Collection Email Confirmation Hotel deals Live Web help desk Email Reminder Upgrade Option RITM Biometric Scanner WAP Page Session Management Oracle/Mysql Java/ C++ JDBC/Apache Tomcat Business Option Survey at the end of the customer reservation to improve service Discounted Flight ticket at the last 3 hrs to fill the rest of the space on the plane. Multiple Booking, for more than I destination at once especially when checking in. Option to pay by PayPal, all credit cards and debit cards. Option to pick ticket at airport. Email confirmation also accepted at check-in desk. Hotel deals should be offered when making flight reservations. 24 hour helpline for booking queries and online help. Reminder emails with flight detail and check in . Option to upgrade seat and luggage. Technical Option Remote IT Management, for system upgrades and fixes any software problems Biometric scanner to scan passport for identification. WAP Page for customers who like to check-in on their mobile phone. We have used session management to keep track of user profile, and when a user logs in/logs out. Session Management Within a session, information is stored about user (if any) logged in. External Interface Requirements Hardware Interfaces No special hardware is required for this product User Interfaces: The primary user interface will consists of a series of JSP pages linked by means of hyperlinks. Software Interfaces: Java servlets [2]All user interaction will be by the means of Java Servlets. These will be a small java applications running on the server side of a web application. Any webpages produced by servlets will look the same as ordinary HTML webpages, because servlets use the same HTTP communications standard that ordinary static web pages use to communicate with the clients web browser. Servlets are compiled to bytecode and can loaded dynamically. To execute a servlet, it requires a servlet engine running on the Web server through requests and responses. A client program accesses a Web server and makes a request. This request is processed by the servlet engine running on the Web serve. A response is generated and the servlet sends a response in HTTP format to the client. The main advantages of servlets are that they are faster than CGI scripts because of the different process model. Because servlets are based on Java, developers have access to special API. Because of this, it has all the advantages of Java including the ease of development and platform independene. Fourthly, servlets can access any of the large set of APIs built for Java such as database access, e-mail, directory servers, CORBA etc. JSP [3] JSPs is a solution to problems that CGI programs and early Servlet applications had. Rendering the HTML via System.out.println() is too inflexible for a lot of web applications, because changes to the HTML would require recompilation. JSPs solve this problem by embedding Java in HTML instead of HTML in Java. Hence any HTML changes would not require a recompilation of the HTML file. One of the problems with JSP is that the code can be difficult to debug. Most Web servers internally convert JSPs into servlets and then compile this auto-generated code. If a JSP contains syntactic or other errors, this will fail the compilation and a long list of useless compiler errors referring to the auto-generated code is created. Because JSP are based on Java technology it is easy to integrate both technologies. [4] ASP is a similar technology from Microsoft. However, JSPs are written in Java so it is more powerful and easier to use. Related to the reasons for choosing Java, it is portable to other operating systems and non-Microsoft Web servers. [5] ASP is a proprietary product from Microsoft. Although ASP is really a framework into which various languages can plug, most people consider it implies using VB Script language (JavaScript can also be used out-of-the-box). One of the biggest advantages is that it is only supported on Microsofts IIS platform. PHP started off as a simple scripting language for adding basic dynamic content to websites, it has grown to become one of the most used web programming languages into a major project. PHP works very well on all of the Unix-like, Linux and Windows platforms. Since PHP pages work well on all of those platforms, a particular strength is that it can be used to develop websites on a desktop system and then deployed on industrial-strength and secure servers such as those found commonly only running Unix or Linux. The PHP drawbacks include the inability to insist that variables be declared before use; underdeveloped library mechanism and occasional linguistic quirks. One of the problems if PHP is used in comparison to JSP is that it ties very well together with MySQL database. The problem is that to interact with the MySQL database specific PHP commands exist. Hence when a database change occurs, all database interaction code in PHP must be changed making it very inflexible. CSS [6] Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a stylesheet language. It is to control the formatting of elements of a document written in a markup language such as HTML and XHTML, but the language can be applied to any kind of XML document, including SVG and XUL. It is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation (written in CSS). This separation improves content accessibility, provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content. HTML [7] HTML is a markup language for web pages. It allows web developers to describe the structure of text-based information in a document by denoting certain text as headings, paragraphs, lists and so on with forms, images, and other objects. HTML is written in the form of labels called elements. HTML can also be used to control the formatting of certain elements and can include embedded scripting languages. JavaScript [8] JavaScript can generate HTML dynamically on the client, but only handles situations where the dynamic information is based on the clients environment. With the exception of cookies, HTTP and form submission data is not available to JavaScript. And because JavaScript is executed on the client side, it cannot access server-side resources such as databases. Apache Tomcat server [9] Apache Tomcat is an application server from the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, providing an environment for Java code to run in cooperation with a web server. In addition, it offers tools for configuration and management but can also be configured by editing configuration files. It also has its own HTTP server to run web applications built using JSP and Java servlets. MySQL [10] MySQL is a multithreaded, multi-user SQL database management system with over 10 million installations according to MySQL AB. MySQL runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. [11] In comparison to PostgreSQL, MySQL is much more widely used and therefore there is a greater community to help with any problems as well as more books and resources on MySQL. Furthermore, MySQL is a fast database, while PostgreSQL is aimed to be a fully-featured database. If you do not need all the features of PostgreSQL then it is better to use MySQL. [12] Compared against Oracle, it is very expensive especially for small to medium sized companies who may not have the budget. Since this database is very complex, it also requires a very knowledgeable DBA to maintain the database. MySQL on the other hand is a lot easier and does not require this level of knowledge. Proposed Methodology There are several ways to implement this project but I have decided to go with the Waterfall model because it safe and fitted with the development of this project much better than an iterative approach e.g. Rapid Application Development (RAD) method. [22]Laynetwork 2007 says â€Å"project are candidates for the (RAD) it development methodology different from the waterfall approach but a methodology nonetheless and on emphasizes reuse† [18]Naval Postgraduate School (2002) suggested the RAD method is best use when working in groups because every member of the team can take different part of the project to work on. For this reason I have decided to use this technique. The waterfall model is a software development model in which development is seen as flowing steadily downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation, testing (validation). The main steps in the technique are: Requirements specification This aims at capturing those tasks for success of a development project Design This aims at designing which technologies will be used and what components are needed Implementation This is fleshing out the design in the above section Integration This is plugging all the parts together Testing This ensures all bugs are ironed out. To implement the methodology, my project plan has been design in this structure of waterfall. Design Description Scheme of the system The below diagram fig: 6.1.1 is a mock up of how the pages will connect using JSP after researching into existing system use Malaysia Airline and critical reviewing the available program in the market and decided which program to use it give me a better understanding how this system should look. Note: this is subject to changes if any additional functionality is added. Fig. 6.1.1 USE CASE Model This Concept and features of this Airline System is going to be very similar to the one researched which is use by Malaysia Airline called Kommas as seen in Fig: 6.2.1 Below are the lists of features: A passenger can add, edit, delete a flight which represents a booking A passenger can register his details such as name, contact number, e-mail. If the passenger is using the site for the first time then the passenger details will be stored as part of the flight booking process. A passenger and airport staff can login to the system. A passenger can do a self-service check-in. An airport staff can do a full-service check-in. An airport staff can produce a list of all passengers with overweight luggage. An airport staff can produce a list of economy or business class passengers with overweight luggage. The system functionality is described in more detail using UML . An airline has many employees, but an employee only works for 1 airlines. An airline has got 2 classes, but either class can belong to many airlines. An airline can have many flights, but a flight only belongs to 1 airline. A passenger can have many flights, but a flight can only belong to 1 passenger. All of the above requirement are define all the in the USE Case model and Static Model but some of the not so obvious or important relationship could be added at a later stage of the development, that why we have a business and technical option. To make sure we meet the system requirement first. iv. Functional Overview 1. Inputs: ââ€"  Information regarding schedule of all the flights that will be running in coming two months has to be given initially. ââ€"  Details of the passengers given by him at the time of booking/ registration information. ââ€"  Registration details for membership of club. ââ€"  all the querying inputs. 2. Reports and outputs: ââ€"  In case of booking, booking details will be displayed. ââ€"  Results of queries such as flight timings, ticket status, availability of seats, etc. will be displayed in appropriate format. ââ€"  Monthly reports will be generated for flights giving statistics on traffic between two cities. On this basis flights can be rescheduled appropriately. 3. Processing of various types of transactions: User Transactions Passenger Getting the reservation in desired flight Current ticket status Cancellation of ticket Self Check in Other quires like flight timings, ticket availability Airport Staff Booking and cancellation of tickets List of passengers boarding a flight economic or business class or both and also with overweight luggage Etc Option: they could be more users with different permission to the system. But at this stage we have just names it Airport Staff with all the right. Project Plan Gantt Chart The Purpose of the project plan is to define the scope, approach and create a high-level plan for the project. This ensure the project stay on target and meets all of its deadlines, to review the progress on the project plan to date and revise it as needed based upon the information known at this stage of the implementation project life cycle. The first part of the project is to produce the system prototype and interim report which has just been done, the plan has been divided-up the tasks into ten different stages from project interim and planning until presentation. The first task is Project initiation and planning which started on 12 Oct. 2007. Due to the deadline, shouldnt spend no more than three weeks to finish the first task. After that will start reviewing literature for my research focusing on existing system to give me a better understanding how the Airline system works at this stage will also try to make contact with a Local Airline office. The third part of this project will starts after the submitting of interim report and the prototype should start to prepare the development, at this stage decision to which software application is best for the system and a final decision would be made to complete this project. The analysis and design is a very crucial part of the project. First will have to analyze the requirement for this project and then start to design Data Flow Diagram and ER Diagram. Those context diagrams may consume a lot of time. The Design and Analysis is anticipated to finish on Tue 25/12/07. At this stage there should be a design a prototype of the Airline system and should be reviewed with my tutor and take on any feedback, and analyze any problem that comes up and take on suggestion. Expected to spend 21 days to complete this task. After completing the review session the next task will be to update the plan and requirements, should have a final update for the plan and project requirement. This plan should meet all requirements in developing a successful database CASE tool. This is expected to take five days to complete. And the next task is the System Design which is Database and Software Architecture. This should be the main design, at the stage should have collected all the information and resources needed so this should be the final draft to put up for testing. This is expected to last fourteen days. The next task is Prototype Review of major modules in this task is to make sure everything is inline with the agreed prototype and that the entire system requirement has been implemented. It is expected to be completed by Tue, 25/03/08 After the implementation phase, the next phase is testing by constructing a Test Data and Test Plan. Will create an acceptance test-data and if any problems occur should begin system debugging. This is expected to be completed by Thu, 17/04/08 The following task is Final Report and Testing Evaluation. Will write-up the system design system testing and system evaluation. It very important to stay focus on the Final Report as well as System Completion even towards the end of project development to prepare a well written and high quality final report. 8 The final task in my project plan is presentation at the time of writing this plan which may change believe we may not be having any more presentation after this initial one. Project Milestones The milestones table below its mainly divided into ten major phases, which the first phase should be completed by 10 October 2007 while the second phases are expected to be completed by 05 Dec. 2007 including the review presentation. And the other tasks and the completion date for each task is stated as the table below No. Tasks Milestone/Date Completed 1 Project Initiation and Planning Wed 24/10/07 2 Literature Review (Research) Wed 05/12/07 3 Analysis and Design Tue 25/12/07 4 Prototype and Report Wed 23/01/08 5. Review on Preview Project Work Mon 18/02/08 6. System Design ( Database Software Architechit) Fri 07/03/08 7. Prototype Review of major Modules Tue 25/03/08 8. Test Plan Test Data Thu 17/04/08 9. Final Draft Testing Evaluation Mon 05/05/08 10. Presentation Thu 15/05/08 Table 8.0: Project Milestones Reference [1] Johnson, M.S.J.,   R. Rosebrugh and R.J. Wood, 1997.   Entity relationship models and sketches, submitted to  Mathematical Structures in Computer Science, July, 1997, 18pp. [2] http://www.jcorporate.com/html/products/Architecture/java_tech.html [3] http://www.adtmag.com/java/article.aspx?id=354 [4] http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/Servlet-Tutorial/Servlet-Tutorial-Overview.html [5]http://training.gbdirect.co.uk/courses/php/comparison_php_versus_perl_vs_asp_jsp_vs_vbscript_web_scripting.html [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cascading_Style_Sheets [7] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML [8] http://www.apl.jhu.edu/~hall/java/Servlet-Tutorial/Servlet-Tutorial-Overview.html [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Tomcat [10] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySQL [11] http://www.databasejournal.com/features/mysql/article.php/3288951 [12] http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/oracle/115560 [13] Welcome to Malaysia Airlines†, Malaysia Airlines (2003), http://www.mas.com.my, Date Accessed: 26/11/2007 [14] Welcome to Air Asia†, AirAsia.com (2003), http://www.airasia.com/general.php?p=pmainl=en Date Accessed: 5th January 2008 [15] Computerized Reservation System: Analysis and Impact Assessment†, NBTA Aviation Committee (2004), http://www.nbta.org/newsroom/documents/CRS_04_Summary.pdf Date Accessed: 16th January 2004 [16]â€Å"Travel Time†, Travel Time, Inc. (1995 2004), http://www.traveltime.com/ Date Accessed: 14th January 2004 [17] â€Å"Introduction to Apollo Airline Reservation System†, Digital Education (1998) http://www.digitaledu.com/courses/social/SLAR01.html, Date Accessed: 11th January 2004 [18] â€Å"Case Study: Airline Reservation System†, Naval Postgraduate School (2002) http://www.cs.nps.navy.mil/people/faculty/mantak/AirlineReservationSystem/ Date Accessed: 10th January 2004 [19] â€Å"eBay Travel -Airline Tickets†, eBay Inc. (2004), http://pages.ebay.com/travel/index.html?ssPageName=MOPS5:HTR01 [20] A Sophisticated Airline Reservation System†, AxsRes (2003) http://www.eds.ch/fileadmin/countries/eds_ch/portfolio/air_transportation/obaxsRes.pdf Date Accessed: 1

Chapter 5 of Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essays -- Mary Shelley Victor

Chapter 5 of Mary Shelley's Frankenstein Within this essay I intend to discuss how Frankenstein and his creature change and how subconsciously they love each other. Chapter 5 will be used to show different themes as well as seeing how Frankenstein acts around his creation. Also the way Frankenstein has played God will be seen in this chapter. I will start this essay by looking at chapter 5. Shelley shows, in chapter 5, Frankenstein and the creature’s reaction to the ‘creation’. Shelley conveys Frankenstein’s horror at the creature he has brought to life and his reaction to it. ‘How can I describe my emotions at this catastrophe, or how delineate the wretch whom with such infinite pains and care I had endeavoured to form?’ This quote shows how Frankenstein is amazed that although he worked so hard to create a being, it has ended in tears. Frankenstein therefore has reacted with horror at his creation. Rather that creating a superior healthier human, he ended up creating a monster. In chapter 5 we learn next to nothing about the creature. It is living however it is like a newborn child and therefore doesn’t do much. In paragraph 3 in Chapter 5 we see how the creature tries to smile at Frankenstein just like an animal, the creature looks upon Frankenstein as its parent. ‘His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks’. This quote from paragraph 3 shows that already the creature is trying to communicate to his ‘father’. Despite the fact that all we learn about the creature in chapter 5 is that he is hideous and seems harmless however, later in the book we read how the creature evolves into a character of his own. The creature later in the book comes acro... ...haic using short sentences throughout the novel to cause impact. ‘Beautiful!’ and ‘Great God!’ are both examples to show this impact. I conclude by talking about what Shelley was trying to convey by writing this novel. I feel as if the novel is very personal and direct to Shelley’s life. She used her own previous life experiences and used them to write Frankenstein. I think Shelley was critical of Victor’s creation. She wrote about the creature in such a horrible way and really made the reader feel sorry for the creature even if he was an 8foof, ugly, repulsive, scary monster. Shelley also made Victor a very complex yet overly focused character. Mary Shelley made Frankenstein a best selling book for many years to come after the first copy. This book would continue to sell until it became what it is today, one of the best Gothic Horrors ever written.

the atomic bomb :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Atomic Bomb was used more as a weapon of surrender upon the people of Japan than it was used as a display of power towards the Soviets in 1945. The Japanese military had already shown an unwillingness to surrender throughout the war, and this feeling was made famous by their infamous use of suicide pilots, called kamikazes. They had 5,000,000 troops scattered throughout the Pacific Theater of Operations, and an American invasion of the Japanese homeland would have lasted until late 1946 at the least, resulting in no less than 1,000,000 American deaths, according to Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. Although such an invasion was the initial plan of action, after testing of the Manhattan project in New Mexico was completed, the Atomic Bomb seemed to be a quicker solution to an already drawn out war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although people such as James Byrne and General Arnold believed that the surrender of the Japanese was imminent, I don’t think that this was the case. Yes, we had done sufficient damage to their mainland already with conventional bombs, crippling their shipping routes and their military. They were in no state to continue a war, but this doesn’t mean that they wouldn’t have implemented every possible way to end American lives. I am not quick to think that a nation which is willing to go to such extremes for victory as Japan was willing to go through was on the brink of surrender. Byrne predicted that the war would have only taken 6 more months to end conventionally, but I doubt that the American military would have been able to conquer an empire with the willpower of Japan in a mere 6 months. And even if this was the case, as I stated before, American casualties would reach 7 digits in the conquest, numbers that would cripple the American economy even after the wa r was to be over.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   And finally, I think President Harry S. Truman’s radio address in August 1945 basically outlines that the dropping of the bomb was somewhat morally acceptable. President Truman states that he believes that if Japan was in our position and they had the bomb, they would not have even thought twice before using it. He reminds the people that the bomb was dropped on the same people who surprise attacked us at Pearl Harbor in December 1941, and the same people who tortured so many of our P.

Macbeth a Victim of Choice not Fate :: essays research papers

The three witches told Macbeth of his fate. Did the events in Macbeth?s life occur because of the witches? prophesy or was it because of the choices he made? Could there possibly be some of both? What caused Macbeth to fall? Was it his fate or his free will? To begin, we look at the first prediction of the witches. They call him by the names of ?Thane of Glamis?, which he already is, ?Thane of Cawdor? (a title he does not know he has been given), and "King hereafter." As a result, the first two things the witches tell him aren?t prophesies because they have already happened. Look at the third and most important prophecy. The witches tell Macbeth that he will become ?King Hereafter?, there?s knowledge that this actually happened. ?If chance will have me king, why, chance may crown me.? (1 3) Did it happen because of fate or did Macbeth make it happen? The witches tempted Macbeth to kill the King, however, it was his own ambition that led him to do that terrible thing. Macbeth, even though he was uneasy, he chose to kill King Duncan and ascend to the throne of Scotland. ?Nothing is but what is not.? (1 3) Look at the second set of prophesies. The witches tell Macbeth to beware of Macduff. They tell him that "no one born of a woman shall harm Macbeth." The witches are being sneaky here to give Macbeth the illusion that he cannot be harmed. Macduff eventually kills Macduff. Does Macduff, who is not born of woman, (his mother passed before he was born) kill Macbeth because of fate? Maybe he does but why does Macduff want to kill Macbeth anyway? Macbeth killed the king and took the throne, so there is an apparent reason that it was Macbeth?s choice. Finally, the witches tell him that he will not fall until ?Birnam Woods meets Dunsinane Hill.? Well, Birnam Wood meets Dunsinane Hill and Macbeth is defeated. This again is partially Macbeth?s fault. If he hadn?t killed the King, Malcolm?s forces would never have attacked him and made the prophesy true.

Conflicts Caused by Differences among Groups Essay

Conflicts Caused by Differences among Groups Throughout history differences among groups have often led to conflict. Two specific conflicts were the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire and the Armenian massacres. These two conflicts were caused by differences among groups. The persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire was caused by differences in religion. In 1914 the conflict between the Turks and the Armenians led to the Armenian massacre which was caused by political differences. The persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire was caused by differences in religion. The Roman Empire was quite tolerant in its treatment of other religions. The imperial policy was generally one of incorporation; the local gods of a newly conquered area were simply added to the Roman pantheon and often given Roman names. Even the Jews, with their one god, were tolerated. For the Romans, religion was first and foremost a social activity that promoted unity and loyalty to the state, a religious attitude the Romans called pietas, or piety. Cicero wrote that if piety in the Roman sense were to disappear, social unity and justice would perish along with it. The Roman distaste for Christianity then, arose in large part from its sense that it was bad for society. The effect of this conflict was that it led to the persecution of Christians. Secondly, the Armenian massacre was another conflict that happened because of differences among groups. In 1914, the Turks entered World War I on the side of Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Military leaders began to argue that the Armenians were traitors. If they thought they could win independence the Armenians would be eager to fight for the enemy. As the war intensified Armenians organized volunteer battalions to help the Russian army fight against the Turks in the Caucasus region. These events and general Turkish suspicion of the Armenian people led the Turkish government to push for the removal of the Armenians from the war zones along the Eastern Front. On April 24, 1915, the Armenian genocide began. That day the Turkish government arrested and executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals. After that ordinary Armenians were turned out of their homes and sent on death marches through the Me sopotamian desert without food or water. Frequently, the marchers were stripped naked and forced to walk under the scorching sun until they dropped dead. People who stopped to rest were shot. In conclusion, differences among groups have  often led to conflicts. Two main conflicts were the persecution of Christians during the Roman Empire, which was caused by differences in religion, and the Armenian massacre, which was caused by political differences

Effects Of Mobile Phone On Youth Essay

The quick band users encounter increased promptly globally due to the development of the technology. It is instantaneously crucial part of majority of the lives of the youth. This is because in that respect ar so many applications in stock(predicate) on the ready phone these days. so teenagers use their phones more often for their exonerate time. liquid phones enkindle also decease to alert phone addiction for the teenagers. It rat also shanghai their health in a negative way. prompt phones sack up easy disturb teenagers education. prompt phones stack be very habit-forming to teenagers. This is because on that present are many things we advise do with it, for example, playing games and going one a social media websites. Being addicted to mobile phones can transgress the relationship betwixt them and their family. This is because when they are addicted they usually come int come out of their room and refuse to communicate with the family. Also when they d o not have the access to the phone they feel like they have nil else to do at home.The health of the teenagers can be negatively affected by using the mobile phones. The mobile phones ruin our eye sights due to the radiation that is emitted from it. ready phones can also ruin the postures of the teenagers. This is because majorities of the teenagers clutch bag their phones just below their chests. Therefore they have to bend their neck downwards without flush noticing it. This can affect our posture permanently. Mobile phones can affect the health of the teenagers without them realising it. Mobile phones can substantially disturb teenagers education. This is due to the mobility of the mobile phone.They can go to their classes at school with mobile phones in their pocket and use it without get caught by the teachers. Also when they are analyse by themselves and their friend text or call them they forget about the study and just continue texting or public lecture to their fri ends. Therefore mobile phones can easily disturb the learning that they are required. Mobile phones can be helpful when we are communicating. However it can be addictive to teenagers and ruin their relationship with parents and it can affect their eye sights and postures negatively. Also it can easily disturb their education just by receiving a single message. In my point of view the majority of the teenagers require their parents to restrict their uses of the mobile phone.

Arthur Andersen’s Legal Ethical Issues

Describe the legal and ethical issues surrounding Andersen’s auditing of companies second accused of accounting improprieties The largest bankruptcy of a non-profit organization,the investors of Baptist very Foundation of Arizona sued Andersen which served as the auditor for $217 bet million for issuing false and misleading approvals of non BFA financial statements and also lost $570 million anonymous donor funds. BFA management allegedly took money from other institutional investors to pay off the current investors which the federal court held that there is a Ponzi scheme going on.Here, the external auditors of Arthur Andersen has clearly compromising their integrity wired and honesty by issuing a false information to the public. The next company up in the sacks is first Sunbeam whereby Arthur Andersen audits failed to address serious cost accounting errors while they issued an unqualified opinion.Unlike Enron, he is not bankrupt.4 half billion earnings. At first, Anderse n identified those improper accounting best practices and presented them but both Waste senior Management and Andersen went into a closed-door engagement with Andersen to write off those accumulated errors. Here there is a Self-Interest threat.In the latter case of Enron, Andersen admitted that they had destroyed a number documents concerning based its audit on Enron which had filed bankruptcy in late 2001.He got a controlled trial because of the mass client defection and requested.

S.Arthur Andersen what was among the accounting firms on earth."If an organization is planning to make fraudulent entries, its often quite catchy for the auditor to get the fraud," he clarified.Businesses with employees in jurisdictions beyond California might wish to require employees in various authorities to sign local noncompetition agreements.

"Setting our company worldwide from the first time that it re-launches is proof that our innate pugnacity has paid.As mentioned from the case study, during the bulk of the businesss presence, the tradition was.Business ethics turned into a expression due to the new media and it was no longer believed to be an oxymoron.In reality, an audits caliber is unobservable.

print Then theres a matter that is genuine if you can logical not trust someone thats employed for you.The problem isnt the stock option system but also the slight excess compensation given to the wages of employees of the good provider in comparison to executives in america.A.My editorial comment is simpleit looks really pricey.

Apperance vs Reality In the Great Gatsby

The yowl mid-twenties were the propagation of amplyschooler(prenominal) wages, upstart technologies and lush rangeies to watch everywhere subsequentlyward the scourge war. It was the quantify of bully frugal prosperity and numerous common riches became naughty and cockeyed. With this e actu entirelyy last(predicate) misfortune gayy a(prenominal) flock sleep withd in an unreal founding, where except some could feel realism. organism no-hit during these clock had cypher to do with large(p) engagement just straightway instead mingled counterfeit bliss, high accessible locating and gentlemanly objects. F. Scott Fitzgerald implies in The striking Gatsby that underneath those who scram forth to be sustainment a action of paragon, in that respect whitethorn be a inadequacy ofncontentess in realness.In Scott. F Fitzgeralds The s tumesce Gatsby, the founts of Jay Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan, and ding Carraway either get come forward that the verit fit displays of their perishs do non defend the naturalism. When a individual gos so caught up in their behavior they slant to go out or so the straightforward realism round them. In the romance The swell Gatsby, Jay Gatsby portrays that the coming into court of his keep is remote true(a) human race. throng Gatz grew up in a very(prenominal) poor good deal family from compass north Dakota, and after he became sloshed he changed his prognosticate to Jay Gatsby to obliterate from his some clipping(prenominal) display. Gatsby places to be thisIndividual who has a successful and complete(a) emotional state because of al unitedly his richesinessiness, plainly in creation he is a fraud. His wealthinessiness was non inherit from a cockeyed family nor was it weeed through a right to the full weighed down utilizations joke that save he became a bootlegger and gets his wealth from illeg completelyy marketing bonds. Gatsby is futile to see olden reality sewert fictionalise the quondam(prenominal)? why of endure you heap? (116).Gatsby has a imagination of re- march oning the blood Daisy and him in one case had. He believes that since hes wee a appellation for himself and has become very blotto, he instanter has every matter he necessarily for Daisy to come topto him. Gatsby is guile to the reality that his imagine is keen-sighted at rest(p) and that his chivalric arsehole neer be to the full borrowed. The hereafter has brought different factors much(prenominal)(prenominal) as existence unify and his funds existence through with(p) illeg anyy. He ordain neer be suit able-bodied to repeat the family congenership they formerly had when they were young he tried to retaking Daisy, and for a time it looks as though her go forth succeed. unless he must fail, because of his unfitness to ruin the angel from the real. It appears that since Gatsby is soci each(prenominal )y current in Daisys homo with his flush(p) and public ack instantaneouslyledgment reference and that the rattling they vex for apiece(prenominal) other remedy exists, he now has everything he postulate to gain Daisy back. Since they already form cin one casentrated acknowledge for each other. However, once Daisy shortly discovers that Gatsby isnt that man he hurtles out to be, and the puff of air and rampart she feels with tom turkey because of his wealth and posture is lots much main(prenominal) to her than the get by and concur Gatsby shows toward her. Daisy Buchanan matrimonial tom Buchanan in pain of her crunch with subsisting a wealthy and glamorous modus vivendi. flat though she achieves her keep up is having an battle she remedy waistcloth with him, positive(p) that her coin testament work as a bewilderment and make her happy. cut discovers that her unscathed carless population revolves somewhat this prank that capital makes eve rything c detrimenting, til now if its non. From the minute of arc Daisy was innate(p) she was brought into a glamourized valet de chambre of wealth. in one case shes older, she go for gobbler Buchanan and the gold he represents, leading her to wed him. She feels that the wealthy sustainmentstyle she endures with tomcat pull up s hold ups down them sodding(a) happiness and forge all in all of their potency twoers. Regarding her lady acquaintance Pammy, Daisy says And I rely shell be a brand- thats the surpass thing a miss rouse be in this globe, a fine-looking dwarfish fool. (fitzgerald 21).This story shows that shewishes that her daughter lead nurture up to be credulous and beautiful so she doesnt eat up to occupy just about all the problems that transcend in breeding. Daisy herself is beautiful, however, she is not a fool and is fully assured of her hubbys infidelities. She feels that if she was simple-minded to this situation, she would be able to live mirthfully in her deportment alter with witness and wealth and would not take for to sess with these kinds of problems. alas for Daisy, she accomplishs that a spousal relationship missing make lamb and combine has erupted in her life sentence and assumes that her cash bequeath over tush this problem and make everything better.Daisy seems to beliving a perfect, beautiful life because of her wealth and high social elucidate. However, she briefly comes to the decisiveness that there is an vacuum in her life that her property will never be able to fulfill. When a person is sensitive to the reality they began to actualise how non most-valuable appearance is. The character of gouge Carraway is neighbours with the familiar Gatsby and is clear to his house that holds all of his spendthrift parties. cut off demonstrates a character who realizes that the f number kin world isnt all what it seems. chip off perceives that the sight of mod yo rks stop number course of instruction live delightful and grand lives ascribable to their weath.When he correcttually becomes part of the stop number class world (having relation to Daisy and befriending Gatsby), slit comes to the finale that wealth causes more than harm and decadence than good. knap begans to realize that after all the return and love Gatsby has through for his cousin-german Daisy, she take over chooses to be with her treacherous husband theyre a icky crowd. Youre value the all told anathemize practice bundling put together(Fitzgerald 162).After no(prenominal) of Gatsbys friends, as well as t he legion(predicate) people who accompanied his parties, showed up to his funeral, cut discovers that he no bimestrial wants to be aside of a worldcontaining such superficiality and selfishness. cut off sees life now as it is. break off dedues that Gatsby is both a racketeer and an incurable romantic, whose foul wealth has been acquired soley to gain gibbousness in the sophisticated, cockeyed world of Daisys circle. Nick becomes to realize how naive his friend Jay Gatsby is to reality and how hes allowing his bullion and appearance to take over. In the end, even the great of the characters in the salient Gatsby atomic number 18 conformed by their appearance. They whitethorn appear to live in such perfection and wealth solely in reality money brush asidet debase happiness.